![]() ![]() Since 1991, a special investigation body, Anti-Mafia Investigation Directorate Direzione Investigativa Antimafia or DIA) operates in Italy in the fight against the mafia. Nevertheless, compared to the 1980s, the share of homicides related to mafia in Italy decreased. Three southern Italian regions followed in the ranking: Sicily, Campania, and Apulia. Nationwide, the largest number of mafia crimes take place in the Italian region of Calabria. In the last years, this figure decreased, reaching its peak in 2005 at 153 known organizations. According to recent data, the number of Mafia-type associations in Italy amounts to 93. Five major active mafia-like organizations are known to exist in Italy: the Cosa Nostra (or the Sicilian Mafia) of Sicily, 'Ndrangheta of Calabria, Camorra of Naples, Stidda of Sicily and Sacra Corona Unita of Apulia. Known around the world, organized crime cannot be left out when sketching the crime situation in Italy. Data on the total number of voluntary manslaughters committed in Italy – including both male and female victims – show that in most of cases, the killer was a family member or the partner of the victim. However, relative data show that in relation to the total number of homicides, the share of female victims increased. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we investigate the influence of indiscriminate, rampage-style school shootings on both voter turnout levels and the relative electoral support for the Democratic and Republican Parties at the county level in US presidential elections (19802016). The largest amount of cases was registered in 2000 with 199 homicides and in 2003 with 200. Particularly, the absolute number of femicides fell in the last three years. Between 20, homicides decreased from 555 to 278. In terms of violent crimes, the number of homicides in Italy also experienced a drop. ![]()
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